The article provides a comprehensive analysis of international models of ensuring information security in the context of globalization, digital transformation, and the growth of hybrid threats. The article reveals the strategic approaches of the world’s leading states ­– the United States of America, the European Union, France, Germany, Israel, Poland, Estonia, and China – to the formation and implementation of information security policies. Attention is focused on institutional mechanisms, legal regulation, investment support, technological development, strategic communications systems, and digital literacy.

Particular attention was paid to the Israeli model, which combines a proactive approach to cyber defense, integration of scientific, military and business structures, development of an innovation ecosystem and functioning of a national regulator – INCD. In particular, the high level of investment, legislative initiative in the field of cybersecurity and the transformation of Israel into a global technological leader were noted.

The article also examines the EU’s experience in harmonizing cybersecurity standards and digital education, the French concept of integrated security, the German legal approach to the protection of critical infrastructure, Estonia’s model of the digital state, and China’s system of total information space control based on the principles of “cyber sovereignty.”

Based on the conducted analysis, the article proposes ways to improve Ukraine’s information security system. In particular, it highlights the need to establish a unified national coordination body, harmonize legislation with European standards, implement digital education, expand international cooperation, and ensure public oversight.

The article emphasizes the importance of a strategic, systemic, and inclusive approach to information security as a key component of state policy and international resilience, with a focus on the effective adaptation of best global practices to the Ukrainian context.

Keywords: information security, cybersecurity, national security, security strategy, digital transformation, cyber infrastructure, critical infrastructure, cyber defense, disinformation, digital literacy, international cooperation, legal regulation, strategic communications.

References

1. Puhachov, O. (2024), “Foreign experience in ensuring state information security”. Problems of modern transformations. Series: law, public management and administration. № 13, available at: https://reicst.com.ua/pmtl/article/view/2024-13-02-07/2024-13-02-07 (accessed 20 May 2025).
2. Network and information security: proposal for a european policy approach (2014), available at: https://www.steptoe.com/a/web/485/811.pdf (accessed 20 May 2025).
3. Act on the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI Act-BSIG), available at: https://www.bsi.bund.de/EN/Das-BSI/Auftrag/Gesetze-und-Verordungen/BSI-Gesetz/bsi-gesetz.html (accessed 20 May 2025).
4. Shemchuk, V. (2019), “Foreign experience in ensuring state information security”. Comparative and analytical law. № 2. pp. 188-191.
5. Klymchuk, O. O., Tkachuk, N. A. (2015), “The role and place of special services and law enforcement agencies of the worlds leading countries in national cybersecurity systems”. Information security of the person, society and state. № 3. 75-83, available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/iblsd_2015_3_12 (accessed 20 May 2025).
6. Dzenkiv, V. (2024), “Cybersecurity in the face of modern threats: Israeli experience and its application in Ukraine”. The collection of «Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law». V 84. part 3. pp. 77-83.
7. Hrebeniuk, M. , Leonov, B. D. (2018), “Israels experience in cybersecurity”. Information and law. № 2 (25). pp. 45–50.
8. Stancu, A.-I., Pavel, T. (2023), “Unveiling Israels Cyber Legal Landscape: A Comprehensive Analysis of Cybersecurity Regulations and Policies”. Perspectives of Law and Public Administration. № 12 (4). 643–650.